Climate+Talks Podcast: Why Extinct Species Are Returning to Singapore In the latest episode of the Climate+Talks podcast, host Professor Winston Chow explores the intriguing phenomenon of extinct species reappearing in Singapore amidst the backdrop of climate change. Historical Context Singapore, once home to a diverse array of wildlife, experienced significant species loss due to habitat destruction and overexploitation. Extinct species included the Javan tiger, Sumatran rhinoceros, and Sunda Pangolin. Climate Change Impacts Climate change is altering global weather patterns and ecosystems, creating conditions that may favor the return of certain extinct species. Rising sea levels, for example, can expand coastal habitats suitable for species that previously disappeared from Singapore. Returning Species * Oriental Darter: This cormorant species went extinct in Singapore in the 19th century but has recently recolonized the island. Rising sea levels have created new nesting sites and increased food availability. * Lesser Adjutant: This stork species vanished from Singapore in the 1950s but has been sighted again in recent years. Changes in agricultural practices and the creation of new wetlands have provided suitable habitats. * Painted Stork: This migratory bird was once common in Singapore but became extinct in the 19th century. It has recently started visiting the island during the winter months, possibly due to changes in migratory routes caused by climate change. Conservation Implications The return of extinct species is both a testament to climate change’s impact and a challenge for conservationists. While it presents opportunities for ecological restoration, it also raises concerns about species interactions and potential conflicts with human activities. Adaptation and Resilience The reappearance of extinct species highlights the resilience of ecosystems and the ability of certain species to adapt to changing conditions. It also serves as a reminder that conservation efforts must be adaptable and account for the dynamic nature of climate change. Conclusion The return of extinct species to Singapore is a complex and multifaceted issue that underscores the transformative power of climate change. By understanding the drivers behind this phenomenon, conservationists can develop strategies to protect these returning species and ensure the long-term health of the island’s ecosystems.Liling Tan:Liling Tan: “Many natural habitats are being replaced by buildings, factories, offices, schools, transport networks, and the MRT system. This is very important, but how do we achieve balance?” Tan Gim Cheong: “There are reclaimed areas left to settle before development. During that period, typically over ten years, shrublands and forests develop, sometimes even ponds attracting waterfowl. To improve habitat, we can allow these areas to remain wild during their fallow period, providing wildlife with temporary space.” Liling: “So, we will relocate them?” Gim Cheong: “We develop some places and leave others fallow. We try to preserve the fallow areas for wildlife. Sometimes, when a city is being planned, we convince developers or the government to incorporate natural spaces into municipal parks.” Liling: “Are developers open to this? Do you get more or less rejection than before?” Yeo Suay Hwee: “No, this has to be part of the planning stage…you have to convince them that it’s good to integrate into the development.”Climate Change and the Return of Extinct Species Singapore, once known for its dense urban landscape, is witnessing a surprising resurgence of wildlife, including many species once thought to be extinct. This phenomenon, experts say, is a direct result of climate change and its impact on the region’s ecosystems. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns have shifted the distribution of habitats, creating new opportunities for some species that had previously disappeared. The recovery of these long-lost creatures is a testament to the resilience of nature and the potential for human intervention to mitigate the effects of climate change. Among the most notable species to make a comeback in Singapore is the Oriental Darter, a large bird that was last seen in the country over a century ago. In recent years, several individuals have been spotted foraging in the waters around the island. Other species that have been reported include the Raffles’ Banded Langur, a critically endangered primate that was thought to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 2014. The return of these iconic species highlights the importance of conservation efforts and the need to protect fragile ecosystems. By understanding the impact of climate change on biodiversity, scientists and policymakers can work together to create sustainable solutions that support both human and wildlife populations.