.. (two periods) is a shorthand notation in computing, typically used in file paths to represent the parent directory of the current directory. Usage in File Paths: In file paths, ‘..’ refers to the directory one level above the current directory. For example: – `/home/user/Documents/file.txt` – `../file.txt` (represents the file in the parent directory) This notation is useful for traversing directory structures and moving between directories. Other Uses: In some programming languages and command-line utilities, ‘..’ can also be used to indicate the following: * Null Coalescing Operator: In JavaScript, ‘..’ is a null coalescing operator that assigns the value on the right-hand side if the value on the left-hand side is null or undefined. * Range Operator: In Python, ‘..’ is a range operator that creates a sequence of numbers between two values (inclusive or exclusive, depending on the language). For example: `range(1, 5)` creates a sequence `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]`. Symbolism: The use of ‘..’ for traversing directory structures is analogous to the use of “..” in grammar to refer to the previous word or sentence. It represents the concept of moving one level “up” in a hierarchical structure.The Ellipsis: A Mysterious Punctuation MarkThe Ellipsis: A Mysterious Punctuation Mark Hidden among the plethora of punctuation marks, there is a enigmatic symbol that often goes unnoticed yet holds immense significance. It is the ellipsis, represented by three consecutive dots (…). Origin and Purpose The ellipsis originated in ancient Greek, where it was known as “stigme” and used to mark pauses or interruptions in speech. Over time, it has evolved into a versatile punctuation mark that serves various functions in written language. Indicating Omission The primary purpose of the ellipsis is to indicate that something has been omitted from the text. It is often used to: * Abbreviate long quotations or lists * Remove irrelevant or repetitive details * Create suspense or anticipation Suggested Continuation Beyond omission, the ellipsis can also imply a continuation of thought or action. It invites the reader to infer what is left unsaid, creating a sense of uncertainty or intrigue. Emotional Emphasis The ellipsis is a powerful tool for conveying emotions. It can express: * Uncertainty or doubt * Surprise or hesitation * Sadness or regret * A lingering sense of anticipation Stylistic Use In addition to its functional roles, the ellipsis can also be used stylistically. It can act as a pause or breath in a sentence, enhancing the pacing and rhythm of the writing. Limitations While the ellipsis is a versatile punctuation mark, it is important to use it sparingly and effectively. Excessive use can be distracting and diminish its impact. Conclusion The ellipsis is a subtle yet evocative punctuation mark that adds depth and meaning to written language. Whether it is used to indicate omission, suggest continuation, convey emotions, or enhance style, this enigmatic symbol plays a crucial role in the art of communication. Mastering its use can elevate writing and engage readers on multiple levels.Former President Charged with Obstruction of Justice A federal grand jury has indicted former President Donald Trump on charges of obstruction of justice. The charges stem from an investigation into his alleged interference in the 2020 presidential election. According to the indictment, Trump pressured Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger to “find” enough votes to overturn his loss in the state. Trump also allegedly attempted to intimidate election officials in other states to change the results. The obstruction of justice charges carry a maximum penalty of 20 years in prison. Trump has denied any wrongdoing and has pledged to fight the charges. The indictment is a significant development in the ongoing investigation into Trump’s actions leading up to and following the 2020 election. It remains to be seen whether Trump will be convicted of the charges or if he will be successful in his defense. Additional Details * The indictment alleges that Trump made multiple phone calls to Raffensperger in the days following the election, in which he pressured Raffensperger to “find” enough votes to overturn his loss. * Trump also allegedly attempted to intimidate election officials in other states, including Michigan and Arizona, to change the results. * The obstruction of justice charges are based on the theory that Trump’s actions were designed to obstruct the lawful administration of the 2020 election. * Trump has denied any wrongdoing and has pledged to fight the charges. * The trial date has not yet been set.