`.` (a single dot) – represents the current directory. `..` (two dots) – represents the parent directory of the current directory. In the context of file paths, `.` and `..` are used to navigate the directory tree: * `.` refers to the current directory, where you are currently located. * `..` refers to the directory one level above the current directory, commonly known as the parent directory. Here’s an example to illustrate their usage: Suppose you have the following directory structure: “` /Users/username/ /Documents/ /Projects/ /ProjectA/ /src/ /bin/ /ProjectB/ /Downloads/ “` If you are currently in the `ProjectA` directory: * To refer to the `src` subdirectory within `ProjectA`, you would use the path `./src`. * To refer to the `Projects` directory, which is the parent directory of `ProjectA`, you would use the path `../Projects`. * To refer to the `Downloads` directory, which is at the same level as `Projects` but is not a direct parent, you would use the path `../../Downloads`. Using `.` and `..` allows you to traverse the directory structure easily and navigate between directories without specifying the full absolute path.Ellipsis, the Eternal PauseEllipsis, the Eternal Pause In the enigmatic realm of language, where words dance and ideas intertwine, there exists a symbol that evokes an unspoken void—the ellipsis. Represented by three consecutive dots (…), it is an invitation to pause, ponder, and delve into the unsaid. The ellipsis is a subtle yet potent punctuation mark that serves a multitude of purposes. It can signify: A Suspended Thought: When a sentence is abruptly cut short, ellipses create a sense of anticipation or uncertainty. They leave the reader wondering what was left unspoken, igniting their curiosity and imagination. Example: “I was just about to say… the truth.” A Trail of Memory: Ellipses can represent the fragmented nature of memory. They suggest that only bits and pieces of a recollection remain, leaving the rest shrouded in a haze of forgotten time. Example: “In the faded tapestry of my childhood, there are moments that emerge… like the faint scent of honeysuckle.” A Break in Time: Ellipses can indicate a passage of time, whether significant or insignificant. They allow the narrative to skip forward or backward, creating a sense of urgency or deliberation. Example: “She watched as the seconds turned into minutes… then hours.” An Unspoken Emotion: Ellipses can convey a wide range of emotions that defy precise articulation. They can express hesitation, embarrassment, surprise, or even a lingering sense of loss. Example: “I didn’t know what to say… I just stood there, speechless.” A Rhetorical Question: Ellipses can turn a statement into a question, inviting the reader to reflect on a particular issue or consider an implied conclusion. Example: “The world is changing rapidly… for better or worse?” The ellipsis is a versatile and enigmatic punctuation mark that enhances the expressiveness and depth of written language. It possesses the power to evoke, intrigue, and leave a lasting echo in the minds of readers. It is a perpetual reminder that the unsaid can often be more eloquent than the explicit.News Article Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that could revolutionize the treatment of chronic diseases. Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, have identified a new type of stem cell that can regenerate damaged tissue. These cells, called pluripotent stem cells, are capable of differentiating into any type of cell in the body. This discovery has the potential to treat a wide range of conditions, including heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Currently, there are no effective treatments for these diseases, which are often debilitating and fatal. However, with the ability to regenerate damaged tissue, pluripotent stem cells could offer a new hope for patients. Researchers are still working to understand the full potential of pluripotent stem cells. However, the initial results are promising, and scientists are optimistic that these cells could lead to new treatments for a variety of chronic diseases.