Technical Product on Health System Resilience Introduction: Health system resilience is not an inherent consequence of health investments but requires intentional design, programming, and adaptation. This technical product provides a roadmap for operationalizing health system resilience, fostering universal health coverage, health security, and improved health outcomes. Objectives: * Outline the concept of health system resilience * Present a practical roadmap for building and adapting health system resilience to various contexts * Share examples of actions, tools, and stakeholder roles to support implementation Target Audience: Stakeholders involved in health systems strengthening, public health, and emergency management, including: * Donors * Policymakers * Decision-makers at global, national, and subnational levels * Implementing institutions * Managers of health system functions and services Content: The technical product covers the following areas: * Overview of health system resilience * Roadmap for building and adapting health system resilience * Examples of actions and tools to support implementation * Stakeholder roles and responsibilities Purpose: This document aims to translate conceptual guidance and high-level recommendations into practical actions for building health system resilience. It provides a framework for stakeholders to promote universal health coverage, health security, and improved health outcomes by strengthening health systems’ ability to withstand and adapt to challenges.A husband in Nairobi was compelled to pay a KSh20,000 bill at a petrol station after his wife, who was driving a V8 engine, fled with a KSh22,000 bill for fuel. The incident occurred when the wife filled the tank of her husband’s vehicle at the petrol station without the intention of paying. She drove off without paying, leaving the husband responsible for the hefty bill. The petrol station management contacted the husband, who stated that he had no prior knowledge of his wife’s actions. However, he was informed that he was legally liable for the payment as the registered owner of the vehicle. The husband reluctantly paid the amount to avoid further legal complications. The wife has not been located since the incident, and the husband expressed dismay over his wife’s irresponsible behavior. The petrol station management has advised customers to exercise caution and ensure payment before leaving the station premises.